Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer, often caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While it typically develops on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, and hands, SCC can occur anywhere on the body, including the mouth and other internal linings. Fortunately, squamous cell carcinoma is highly treatable, especially when detected early. Here’s an in-depth look at the treatment options available.

Understanding Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma begins in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin. It often appears as:

  • A rough, scaly patch.
  • A firm, red nodule.
  • A sore that doesn’t heal.

While SCC is usually not life-threatening, it can grow aggressively and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body if left untreated.

Treatment Options for Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The treatment plan for SCC depends on the size, location, and stage of the cancer. Here are the most common treatment methods:

Surgical Procedures

  • Excisional Surgery: The tumor and surrounding tissue are surgically removed to ensure all cancer cells are eliminated.
  • Mohs Surgery: A highly effective technique for SCC, especially on sensitive areas like the face. Layers of cancerous tissue are removed and examined until only healthy tissue remains.

Cryotherapy

  • Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy small, superficial SCC lesions. This is often recommended for early-stage cases.

Curettage and Electrodessication

  • The tumor is scraped away, and the area is cauterized to destroy any remaining cancer cells. This method is suitable for smaller, low-risk lesions.

Radiation Therapy

  • High-energy X-rays are used to target and destroy cancer cells. Radiation is often used for patients who cannot undergo surgery or for tumors in hard-to-reach areas.

Topical Treatments

  • Medicated creams, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or imiquimod, may be applied to treat early-stage or superficial SCC.

Systemic Therapies

  • In advanced cases, systemic treatments like targeted therapy or immunotherapy (e.g., cemiplimab) may be used to stop cancer growth or shrink tumors.

Lifestyle and Prevention Tips

  • Protect Your Skin: Use sunscreen with at least SPF 30 and wear protective clothing.
  • Avoid Tanning Beds: UV radiation from tanning beds can significantly increase your risk.
  • Regular Skin Checks: Examine your skin monthly and schedule annual dermatologist visits for professional screenings.
  • Treat Precancerous Lesions: Actinic keratosis (precancerous skin growths) should be treated promptly to prevent progression to SCC.

Prognosis and Outlook

When treated early, most cases of squamous cell carcinoma have an excellent prognosis. Over 95% of localized SCC cases are successfully treated, with minimal risk of recurrence. Advanced SCC, though rarer, requires more aggressive treatment and careful follow-up.

Conclusion

Squamous cell carcinoma is a serious condition, but with early detection and prompt treatment, it is highly curable. Whether through surgery, radiation, or topical therapies, there are numerous effective ways to manage SCC and protect your health. Consult with a dermatologist or oncologist to explore the best treatment plan for your unique case and take steps to prevent future skin damage.