Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare cancers that develop in the digestive tract, most commonly in the stomach or small intestine. These tumors originate from specialized cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) wall and can vary in severity from slow-growing to aggressive.

What Causes GISTs?

• Genetic Mutations: Most cases involve mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA genes, leading to uncontrolled cell growth.
• Risk Factors: While GISTs can occur at any age, they are more common in older adults and may have a genetic component in some families.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Unexplained weight loss
• Blood in stool or vomiting blood
• Fatigue due to anemia
• Feeling full quickly after eating

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

• Imaging Tests: CT scans and MRIs help detect tumor location and size.
• Biopsy: Confirms the presence of GIST cells and identifies genetic markers.
• Targeted Therapy: Medications like imatinib (Gleevec) block tumor growth by targeting specific mutations.
• Surgery: Removal of the tumor is often necessary, especially for localized cases.
  

Outlook and Management

Advancements in targeted therapies have significantly improved survival rates for GIST patients. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are essential to detect recurrence and ensure effective treatment.